ABSTRACT
Objectives@#Dental or maxillofacial emergencies are uncommon during pregnancy, but if they occur, they are challenging to treat due to potential risks. The mother should not be denied necessary medical or dental care because of pregnancy. The aim of the study is to observe outcomes of pregnancy in patients requiring emergency minor oral surgical procedures during gestation and to determine the safety of the pregnant woman undergoing the procedure and the fetus. @*Materials and Methods@#The study was conducted on 52 pregnant women requiring emergency oral surgical procedures. A standard treatment protocol for treatment of specific entities was followed. Close monitoring and observation were the primary goal of treatment. All patients were followed postoperatively until complete recovery from the surgical procedures and then until birth of the baby. A control group of 52 healthy pregnant patients who did not require oral surgical procedures was considered for statistical analysis. The measurements to calculate observation were fetal loss (spontaneous abortion), preterm birth, low-birth weight, or incidence of any congenital anomalies in the baby and its association with surgical procedures. @*Results@#No fetal loss occurred in any of the cases. However, four patients experienced preterm birth and seven neonates exhibited low birth weights.No congenital abnormalities were discovered. In one instance, a patient who underwent surgery for a mandibular symphysis fracture under general anesthesia in the 31st week of pregnancy experienced labor pain on the fourth postoperative day, requiring an emergency Caesarean section. @*Conclusion@#The results of our study demonstrate that, compared to the control group, minor emergency surgeries performed during pregnancy have no discernible negative effects on the fetus. These procedures can safely be performed by adhering to our described protocols.
ABSTRACT
The present study reports the existence of cliff racer, Platyceps rhodorachis from the plains of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 10 specimens were captured during the field surveys from June to September, 2018 from different sites of Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis was identify on the basis of morphology and confirmed through COI gene sequences. The obtained DNA sequences have shown reliable and exact species identification. Newly produced DNA sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis were submitted to GenBank and accession numbers were obtained (MK936174.1, MK941839.1 and MT790210.1). N-J tree based on COI sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis clearly separated as out-group with other members of family Colubridae based on p-distance. The intra-specific genetic variation ranges from 12% to 18%. The DNA sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis kashmirensis, Platyceps rhodorachis ladacensis, Platyceps ventromaculatus, Platyceps ventromaculatus bengalensis and Platyceps ventromaculatus indusai are not available at NCBI to validate their taxonomic positions. In our recommendations, a large scale molecular based identification of Pakistans herpetofauna is required to report more new or subspecies from country.
O presente estudo relata a existência de um corredor de penhasco, Platyceps rhodorachis, das planícies de Punjab, Paquistão. Um total de 10 espécimes foi capturado durante os levantamentos de campo de junho a setembro de 2018 em diferentes locais de Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis foi identificada com base na morfologia e confirmada por meio de sequências do gene COI. As sequências de DNA obtidas mostraram identificação de espécies confiável e exata. Sequências de DNA de Platyceps rhodorachis recém-produzidas foram submetidas ao GenBank e os números de acesso foram obtidos (MK936174.1, MK941839.1 e MT790210.1). Árvore N-J baseada em sequências COI de Platyceps rhodorachis claramente separadas como out-group com outros membros da família Colubridae com base na distância-p. A variação genética intraespecífica varia de 12% a 18%. As sequências de DNA de Platyceps rhodorachis kashmirensis, Platyceps rhodorachis ladacensis, Platyceps ventromaculatus, Platyceps ventromaculatus bengalensis e Platyceps ventromaculatus indusai não estão disponíveis no NCBI para validar suas posições taxonômicas. Em nossas recomendações, uma identificação de base molecular em grande escala da herpetofauna do Paquistão é necessária para relatar mais novas ou subespécies do país.
Subject(s)
Animals , Snakes/anatomy & histology , Snakes/geneticsABSTRACT
Abstract The present study reports the existence of cliff racer, Platyceps rhodorachis from the plains of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 10 specimens were captured during the field surveys from June to September, 2018 from different sites of Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis was identify on the basis of morphology and confirmed through COI gene sequences. The obtained DNA sequences have shown reliable and exact species identification. Newly produced DNA sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis were submitted to GenBank and accession numbers were obtained (MK936174.1, MK941839.1 and MT790210.1). N-J tree based on COI sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis clearly separated as out-group with other members of family Colubridae based on p-distance. The intra-specific genetic variation ranges from 12% to 18%. The DNA sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis kashmirensis, Platyceps rhodorachis ladacensis, Platyceps ventromaculatus, Platyceps ventromaculatus bengalensis and Platyceps ventromaculatus indusai are not available at NCBI to validate their taxonomic positions. In our recommendations, a large scale molecular based identification of Pakistans herpetofauna is required to report more new or subspecies from country.
Resumo O presente estudo relata a existência de um corredor de penhasco, Platyceps rhodorachis, das planícies de Punjab, Paquistão. Um total de 10 espécimes foi capturado durante os levantamentos de campo de junho a setembro de 2018 em diferentes locais de Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis foi identificada com base na morfologia e confirmada por meio de sequências do gene COI. As sequências de DNA obtidas mostraram identificação de espécies confiável e exata. Sequências de DNA de Platyceps rhodorachis recém-produzidas foram submetidas ao GenBank e os números de acesso foram obtidos (MK936174.1, MK941839.1 e MT790210.1). Árvore N-J baseada em sequências COI de Platyceps rhodorachis claramente separadas como out-group com outros membros da família Colubridae com base na distância-p. A variação genética intraespecífica varia de 12% a 18%. As sequências de DNA de Platyceps rhodorachis kashmirensis, Platyceps rhodorachis ladacensis, Platyceps ventromaculatus, Platyceps ventromaculatus bengalensis e Platyceps ventromaculatus indusai não estão disponíveis no NCBI para validar suas posições taxonômicas. Em nossas recomendações, uma identificação de base molecular em grande escala da herpetofauna do Paquistão é necessária para relatar mais novas ou subespécies do país.
ABSTRACT
A Schiff base 3 has been synthesized by equimolar reaction [condensation] of sulfonamide i.e. sulfamethoxypyridazine 1 and substituted aromatic aldehyde i.e. 2-Hydroxy-1-Napthalene aldehyde 2. The synthesized Schiff base 3 and its Metal [II] complexes were characterized by its physical, analytical [CHN analysis] and spectral [UV and IR] analysis. The Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains were used for antibacterial activity of Sulfamethoxypyridazine 1, its Schiff base 3 and its transition metal [II] complexes 4-8. All of them showed varied levels of activity
ABSTRACT
Abstract Present study was conducted to record ecotoparasitic prevalence in bat fauna of the northwestern parts of Pakistan. A total of 204 bat specimens representing 14 species were captured during a two year survey, extending from June 2015 through May 2016. A species of soft ticks Argas vespertilionis was identified from 23 bat specimens. Similarly, members of the family Dermanyssoidae (dermanyssoid mites) were isolated from 10 bat specimens, that of Spinturnicidae (spinturnicid mites) from 3 and Streblidae (bat flies) from 2 bat specimens. These parasites were collected using entomological tweezers and were identified on morphological basis. Further studies on parasitic prevalence, molecular characterization of bat parasites and their control measures are recommended.
Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para registrar a prevalência de ectoparasitas na fauna de morcegos em partes do noroeste do Paquistão. Um total de 204 espécimes de morcegos, representando 14 espécies, foi capturado durante uma pesquisa de dois anos, de junho de 2015 a maio de 2016. A espécie de carrapato Argas vespertilionis foi identificada em 23 espécimes de morcegos. Da mesma forma, os membros da família Dermanyssidae (ácaros dermanyssoid) foram isolados de 10 espécimes de morcego, os da Spinturnicidae (ácaros spinturnicid), de 3, e os da Streblidae (mosca de morcego), de 2 espécimes de morcego. Esses parasitas foram coletados com pinça entomológica e identificados com base morfológica. Estudos adicionais sobre prevalência parasitária, caracterização molecular de parasitas de morcego e suas medidas de controle devem ser realizados.
ABSTRACT
Abstract During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf, large oval ears that joined above the forehead and no tail. Mean head and body length of captured specimens was 80 mm, forearm length was 67 mm while average lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals were 51.73 mm, 55.17 mm and 60.42 mm, respectively. Mean skull length was 29.84 mm, breadth of braincase was 12.77 mm. Average Penis length of two specimens was 6.6 mm and total bacular length was 3.08 mm respectively. This is the first record of Megaderma lyra from district Jhelum.
Resumo Durante o presente estudo, 13 morcegos Megadermalyra foram observados empoleirados em uma sala escura em forma de cúpula no Forte Rohtas, distrito de Jhelum, dos quais 6 espécimes foram capturados no local usando rede manual. Todos os espécimes capturados eram machos. Esses morcegos foram identificados por suas características faciais únicas, uma folha nasal ereta e alongada, grandes orelhas ovais que se juntam acima da testa e sem cauda. O comprimento médio da cabeça e do corpo dos espécimes capturados foi de 80 mm, o comprimento do antebraço foi de 67 mm, enquanto os comprimentos médios do 3º, 4º e 5º metacarpos foram de 51,73 mm, 55,17 mm e 60,42 mm, respectivamente. O comprimento médio do crânio foi de 29,84 mm, e a largura da caixa craniana, de 12,77 mm. O comprimento médio do pênis de duas amostras foi de 6,6 mm, e o comprimento total do báculo foi de 3,08 mm. Este é o primeiro registro de Megadermalyra no distrito de Jhelum.
ABSTRACT
Background: Central Nervous System [CNS] tumors include brain and spinal cord tumors, where as metastatic tumors are extradural usually
Objective: To know the histopathological pattern of central nervous system tumors reported in Pathology Department Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Pakistan
Methodology: Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Pathology department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Pakistan. Duration: Six years, study from 1[st] January, 2008 to 31[st] December, 2012. Sample Technique: Convenient [non-probability] sampling. Central Nervous System [CNS] biopsy specimen were received in 10% formalin, labeled, gross performed, sections processed in alcohol, xyelen, wax, block prepared, freezed, microtome sections taken and processed for H and E staining, mounted and reported by Histopathologist. The inclusion criteria was any sufficient CNS biopsy specimen of any age, where as the exclusion criteria was insufficient and autolysed biopsy specimen. A minimum of three and maximum of eight 5 micron thick sections were taken from each specimen. Data was entered in SPSS version 15 and analyzed
Results: A total of 106 biopsy specimens were received in pathology laboratory with age range of 09 to 70 years, mean age was 37 +/- 15.18 years. Male to female ratio was 1.55:1. Astrocytoma was the commonest tumor 49 [48%] cases followed by meningioma 22 [21.%] cases and oligodendroglioma 6 [5.6%] cases. Amongst the 49 cases of Astrocytoma the age range was 10 to 66 years with mean age of 37 + 15.93. Male to female ratio was 1.72: 1. Grade I,II,III and IV were 7[14.2%],15[30.3%], 9[19.5%] and were 18 [36.6%] respectively. Amongst the 22 cases of meningiomas age range was 22 to 65 years, 20 [90.9%] cases were grade I meningionas and 2[9.9%] cases were of atypical meningiomas
Conclusion: Astrocytoma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system followed by meningioma and oligodendroglioma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tertiary Care Centers , Astrocytoma , Oligodendroglioma , Meningioma , MedulloblastomaABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate extended spectrum betalactamase [ESBL] in E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in bacterial cultures and its frequency at LRH
Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study
Setting: Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar
Period: June 2013 to December 2013
Methodology: Total of 1037 bacterial isolates including 614 E.coli and 423 of Klebsiellapneumoniae were evaluated. All cases were subjected to double disc diffusion method for ESBL detection using amoxacilln-clavulanic acid and a third generation cephalosporin as all ESBLs are hydrolysed by clavulanic acid. The data were analysed using SPSS-16
Results: Out of 1037 cases five ninety two [55%] were males and four fourty five [45%] were females. Of these, E. Coli were 614 [59.2%] and K. Pneumoniae were four twenty three [40.8%]. Of these 1037 isolates, four hundred and ninety five[47.7%] tested positive for ESBL enzyme. Frequency of ESBL positivity in E.coli isolates was 264 [43%] and in Klebsiellapneumoniae isolates was 231 [54.6%].Frequency of ESBL in pus was 34.3%[152/395],in urine, it was 31.8%[141/368], in blood it was 28.6%[127/233] and in sputum it was 5.1% [23/41]. Unit wise frequency of ESBL was surgical and allied 24.6% [109/283], medical and allied 21.4%[95/241], paediatrics 18.5% [82/203], obstetrics and gynaecology 23.2%[103/178] and outpatients 12.1%[54/132]. No significant correlation between ESBL positivity, gender, unit or specimen was found
Conclusion: ESBL positive isolates of E.coli and K.pneumoniaeshould be properly detected in routine laboratory workflow to avoid unnecessary use of otherwise effective antibiotics. These results indicate that such organisms are highly prevalent in our Hospital and need immediate
ABSTRACT
Objectives: to detect extended spectrum beta lactamase in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia in bacterial cultures and its frequency at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar
Methodology: this cross sectional analytical study was conducted at LRH between June 2013 to December 2013, a total of 1037 bacterial isolates in-cluding 614 E. coli and 423 of Klebsiella pneumoniae were evaluated. All cases were subjected to double disc diffusion method for ESBL detection using amoxacilln-clavulanic acid and a third generation cephalosporin as all ESBLs are hydrolysed by clavulanic acid. The data were analysed using SPSS-16
Results: patients' mean age was 40 years. Out of 1037 cases, 592 [55%] were males and 445 [45%] were females. Of these, E. Coli were 614 [59.2%] and K. Pneumoniae were 423 [40.8%].Frequency of ESBL positivity in E. coli isolates was 264 [43%] and in Klebsiella pneumonia isolates was 231 [54.6%].Frequency of ESBL in pus was 34.3%[152/395],in urineit was 31.8%[141/368], in blood it was 28.6%[127/233] and in sputum it was 5.1% [23/41].Unit-wise frequency of ESBL was surgical and allied 24.6%[109/283], medical and allied 21.4% [95/241], paediatrics 18.5%[82/203], obstetrics andgynaecology23.2% [103/178] and outpatients 12.1%[54/132]. No significant correlation between ESBL positivity and age, gender, unit or specimen was found
Conclusion: ESBL positive isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae account for a very high percentage of hospital-acquired infections. These results should be considered while prescribing penicillins and cephalosporins for treating gram-negative acquired infections
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular identification of Giardia lamblia in patients with diarrhea. Giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia is a common intestinal disease. Although this parasitic infection found in mammals including human, pets and livestock, but few species within the genus Giardia can infects humans. G. lamblia have seven complex genotypes termed [A-H]. Genotype A and B the main causes of human infections. Sixty seven microscopically positive G. Lamblia samples were collected from clinical laboratories in Isfahan province between June 2013 and February 2014. Extraction of genomic DNA was performed for 65 concentrated cysts and 2 cultured trophozoites. Partial sequences of tpi including 148-bp and 81-bp were amplified for detection the genotypes A and B using RFLP- PCR protocol respectively. PCR results showed that out of 67 patients with giardiasis infection, genotype A [148 bp] was detected in 40 isolates [59.70%] compared to genotype B [81 bp] isolated was detected in 25 isolates [37.31%]. Also two isolates [2.98%] had mix infection infected with genotype A and B. By comparing the frequency of genotype A [81.8%] and genotype B [13.6%], we found that genotype A is six times higher prevalence than genotype B in patients with diarrhea. We suggest that using sensitive techniques and larger sample for detection of G. lamblia genotypes and their subtypes would be necessary for investigation the immune system respond and correlation with diarrhea in the future studies in Iran
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To detect the prevalence of rubella and cytomegalovirus antibodies in the nursing students. A total of 89 volunteer students in the age range of 18-20 years participated in the study. IgM and IgG antibodies were measured using the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay VIDAS system kit and apparatus. In CMV serology, while anti-CMV IgG was positive in 85.4% and anti-CMV IgM was positive in 9.0% of the patients, the common positivity of anti-CMV IgG and anti-CMV IgM antibodies was determined as 2.2%. In the rubella serology, while rubella IgG positivity was 83.1%, rubella IgM positivity was not detected. It was found that higher rate of the students had experienced rubella and CMV in one period of their life. This is highly important for both their health and the health of the society they provide their services to
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Rubella/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Students, NursingABSTRACT
To determine the demographic characteristics and distribution of various reported prognostic factors of leiomyosarcoma [LMS] among subjects reporting to histopathology diagnostic centers of Aga Khan University [AKU] all over Pakistan between 2000-2004. This study analyzed 205 consecutive confirmed cases of LMS received during a period of four years. The data regarding age, sex and size of tumor was obtained from the pathology medical records. Data on grade and positivity of immunohistochemical stains was assessed and all the variables analyzed using SPSS version 12.5. Of the 205 specimens of LMS, 31 were received as blocks for second opinion. A hundred specimens were multiple fragments, and 74 were intact masses. Of the latter, 40% had clear margins. The mean size of the tumor was 7.23 cms. [95% CI 6.1; 8.4]. There were no cases of childhood LMS. Teenage LMS comprised 3% of all tumors. Grade 1 tumors were 16.6% of the total, 56.6% were grade 2, and 8.5% were grade 3. Vimentin positivity was observed in 97% of the tumors, desmin positivity in 56.7%, HHF35 positivity in 81.0%, s-100 positivity in 15.6% and cytokeratin positivity in 11% of the cases. The median age of LMS patients was 48.4 years, the mean age was 48.6 years [95% CI 45.9; 50.8] and male to female ratio was 1:1.2. The malignancy occurred a decade earlier in the females as compared to the males. The mean age of male cases was 52.3 years [95% CI 48.8; 55.8]; and of females was 45.2 years [95% CI 41.8; 48.6]. The mean age of teenage LMS was 17.2 years [95% CI 15.6; 18.7]. The most common symptom was a painless swelling. The most common sites were lower limb [24.4%] and pelvis [24.4%] followed by abdomen [20.6%] and head and neck [12.7%]. The least common sites were upper limb and chest [8.0% each]. Seventy five percent of the tumors with involved margins were more than 5.0 cms. in size whereas 47% of tumors with free margins were above 5.0 cms. in size. Approximately half the tumors in the males were less than 5.0 cms, as compared with 31.0% in the females. LMS in the extremities was equally common in both genders, but trunk LMS was nearly twice as common in the females. In our population, leiomyosarcoma occurs at a relatively younger age, has a late presentation; is more common in females as compared to males and usually excised incompletely. No genetic study for LMS has been published in Pakistan; these studies are recommended to determine the biological pattern of LMS in our population
ABSTRACT
Immunophenotypic characterization of high grade [pleomorphic] sarcomas and determination of their frequency, mean/median age, sex preferences and common sites in Pakistani patients. This study included 134 consecutive cases of high grade [pleomorphic] sarcomas diagnosed in adults above the age of 15 years in the section of histopathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during a period of two years. These high grade [pleomorphic] sarcomas were immunophenotyped using a panel including antibodies against Vimentin, Desmin, Smooth muscle Actin, S 100, CD34, CD68 and Cytokeratin etc by indirect immunoperoxidase. Of the 134 cases which were characterized, 38.1% were pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma, followed by pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma 14.9%, Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour 9%, pleomorphic liposarcoma 3.7% and pleomorphic storiform Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma 0.7%. Thirty three% of cases could not be characterized further. Mean/ median age for Leiomyosarcoma was 50/50, for Rhabdomyosarcomas 33/22, for MPNST 42/41, for Liposarcoma 52/50 and for Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma 46/46 respectively. The commonest site for leiomyosarcoma was lower limb [43%], for rhabdomyosarcoma head and neck [42%], for MPNST thorax [36.4%] and for liposarcoma abdomen [50%]. It was concluded that the most common pleomorphic sarcoma occurring in our adult population was Leiomyosarcoma, and that immunohistochemical stains are essential in most cases for further characterization of pleomorphic high grade sarcoma